Упражнения по английскому языку на придаточные условные предложения. Условные предложения (Conditional sentences) Упражнение на кондишен

Conditional sentences

(grammar material,practice)

Compiled by V.Kiselyova

Conditional sentences I

( Условные предложения I типа )

Состоят из главного предложения и придаточного предложения условия.

Они выражают реальные условия,относящиеся к настоящему или будущему

времени.

Схемы условных предложений I типа

If … V 1(-S) … … will V 1 ... … . 1)

Придаточное услов. Главное

If I have time I will visit an exhibition.

(Pr.Simple) (Future Simple)

... will V (1) … … if … V 1(-S) … . 2)

Главноепридаточноеусловия

The children will get good marks if they write the test correctly.

(Future Simple) (Present Simple)

«если» - в условных предложениях (Present Simple )

If

«ли» - в косвенных общих вопросах (Future Simple )

Practice

I

1. If I … him I will invite him to join us.

a) will see b) see

2. We’ll be late unless we … .

a) will hurry b) hurry

3. If it … fine tomorrow,we’ll go for a picnic.

a) is b) will be

4. If I see him,I … him that book.

a) will give b) give

5. If he … all these apples,he will be ill.

a) eats b) will eat

6. If you … away,I’ll call my brother.

a) will not go b) do not go

7. If he … late,we’ll go without him.

a) will be b) is

8. If he … hard today,can he have a holiday next week?

a) works b) will work

9. If you … this magazine,I’ll bring you another.

a) will not like b) do not like

10. If he … university now,he will be sorry afterwards

a) leaves b) will leave

II 1. I’ll look for your book and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring.

If you put the ice cubes into very hot water,they (crack).

If he (win),he (get) 100,000 dollars;if he (come) in second,he (get) 50,ooo.

If he (want) more money,he (have) to do more work.

If you (not take) this book to the library tomorrow,you (have) to pay a fine.

If you (like),I (get) you a job in this company.

If the weather (be) good,we (go) to the country.

I (tell) him the whole truth if I (know) it.

If he (invite) me,I (go) to his party.

If it (freeze) tonight,the roads (be) very slippery tomorrow.

III 1. We wonder if he (come) home on time.

They ask if the boy (want) to join us.

If the weather (be) fine tomorrow,we’ll go for a walk.

I don’t know if she (come) to the party.

The mother wants to know if her son (take) part in the concert.

If it (rain) we (take) umbrellas.

The teacher wonders if you (make) a report at the next lesson.

The child (fall) ill if he (go) to bed too late every day.

IV Finish the sentences.

If I go to the USA this summer,I will visit … .

If I feel hungry this evening,I will eat … .

If I have time next weekend,I shall go … .

If I have to write a story for homework,I will write about … .

If you come to my home,you will see … .

If it is cold tomorrow,I will put on … .

If we finish early today … .

If I quarrel with my parents … .

If I lose my keys … .

If we get too much homework … .

If my fried gets into trouble … .

I’ll eat my hat if … .

We will be very happy if … .

I will be angry with my friend if … .

Will you help me if … ?

V Make up sentences.

If I go to …,I’ll see (visit)… .

You’ll see …,if you travel (go) to … .

Tests

I 1. If you go to the party you (enjoy) every minute of it.

2. My friend (get) the first place if he (take) part in the competition.

3. Она приготовит очень вкусный обед,если придут друзья.

II 1. I will come home late if I (stay) to make a wall newspaper.

The students (attend) the lecture if it (be) interesting.

Если мои родители достанут билеты,они пойдут вечером в

театр.

III 1. If my friend (come) to see me,I will be very glad.

If mother buys a cake,we (have) a very nice tea party.

IV 1. If you (be) free,I shall come to see you.

If she knows English,she (try) to enter the university.

If I (live) in Moscow,I (visit) the Tretyakov Gallery.

Live in the South go to bed at once

Come home late bathe every day

If I receive his letter I will be very sorry

Find my book be very glad

Lose my money be very happy

See my friend ask his advice

VI 1. If it snows,we … at home.

A) stay b) will stay

2. If she gives him her address,he … her a letter.

A) will write b) writes

VIII 1. We (drink) tea,if we (have no) coffee.

My friend (go) to the USA,if he (win) the competition.

Poem

Will You Come?

Will you come? Would you come?

Will you come? Would you come

Will you ride If the noon

So late Gave light,

At my side? Not the moon?

O,will you come? Beautiful,would you come?

Will you come? Would you have come?

Will you come Would you have come

If the night Without scorning,

Has a moon Had it been

Full and bright? Still morning?

O,will you come? Beloved,would you have come?

If you come,

Haste and come.

Owls have cried;

It grows dark

To ride.

Beloved,beautiful,come!

Edward Thomas

Conditional sentences II

(Условные предложения II типа)

Выражают маловероятные и нереальные условия,относящиеся к настоящему

или будущему времени.

Схемы условных предложений II типа

1) If … V 2 … … would V 1 … … .

Придаточное главное

If we visited the Tretyakov Gallery we would see paintings of famous artists.

Придаточное главное

2) … would V 1 … … if … V 2 … … .

Главноепридаточное

They would speak English fluently if they learned the words.

Future-in-the Past Past Simple

Главное придаточное

В придаточных предложениях – was were - для всех лиц и чисел

If I were you I would not make such a mistake.

«если бы» - в условных предложениях (Past Simple )

If

«ли» - в косвенных вопросах (Future-in-the Past)

Practice

Insert the verbs in the correct form.

If I had a spare ticket,I … take you to the cinema.

a) would b) will

2. John suggested that I should … for another job.

A) look b) have looked

3. If she … you,she would be able to advise you.

A) had been b) were

4. We were afraid lest he should … too early.

A) have come b) come

5. She would buy a new fur coat if her husband … enough money.

A) would give b) gave

6. If the students attended all the lectures,they … their exams successfully.

A) would pass b) passed

7. If I were you I … him.

A) would not forgive b) did not forgive

8. I would help the poor if I … very rich.

A) would be b) were

9. If I were a doctor,I … people healthy.

A) made b) would make

10. They … to the country if the weather were better.

A) would go b) went

II 1. If I (know) his name,I’d give it to you.

He (look) a lot better if he did more esercise.

If he worked more carefully,he (not make) so many mistakes.

I wouldn’t do that if I (be) you.

More tourists would come to this seaside if it (have) better climate.

If someone (give) you a submarine,what would you do with it?

If you (not belong) to a union,you couldn’t get a job.

If I (win) a big prize in a lottery,I’d give up my job.

He might get fat if he (go on) eating like that.

If he knew that it was dangerous,he (not come).

III 1. If you (go) on a diet,you (lose) weight.

If we (work) all night,we (finish) in time.

If I see a tiger walking across Hyde Park,I (climb) a tree.

If you (keep) a cat,the mice (not run) about everywhere.

If it (be) summer,the people (not sit) round that big fire.

If you (paint) the walls white,the room (be) much bigger.

If he (take) any exercise,he (not be) so unhealthy.

If they (speak) English to her,her English (improve).

If I (ask) him for help,he (help) me.

If I (know) his address,I (can) write to him.

IV Finish the sentences.

If you ate less … .

If she practiced more … .

You would look better if … .

If you came in time … .

If you didn’t shake the camera so much,your photographs … .

If I could live anywhere I wanted,I would live … .

If I had a museum,I would collect … .

If we were all geniuses … .

If you came to visit me … .

I would stand on my head if … .

I would go to the Canary Isles if … .

V Make “Chains of events”.

1. (Boys) – If I won a car in a lottery … .

2. (Girls) – If I won the title of “Miss Universe” … .

Poem

Quiet Girl

I would liken you

To a night without stars.

Were it not for your eyes.

I would liken you

To a sleep without dreams

Were it not for your songs.

Langston Hughes

Conditional sentences III

( Условные предложения III типа)

Выражают совершенно невыполнимые условия ,не реализованные в прошлом.

Схемы условных предложений III типа

1) If … had V 3 … … would have V 3 … … .

Придаточное главное

(Past Perfect) (Future Perfect)

If you had known grammar better your composition would have been a success.

2) … would have V 3 … … if … had V 3 … … .

Главноепридаточное

The children would have travelled to England if the tickets had been free.

If «если бы»

I Match the parts of the sentences.

1. I would have bought a new coat if a)she would not have waited

2. He would have given her diamonds if for him so long.

3. Her life mighthave been saved if b)everything would have been

4. If he had taken my advice all right.

5. If you have checked the petrol before we started c)only I had had enough

6. If she had not loved him money.

D)he had stolen them from the

Museum.

E)the doctors had taken better

Care of her.

F)we would not have made so

Many stops.

II Insert the verbs in the correct form.

If I had known that you were in hospital,I … you.

a) would have visited b) had visited

2. If you … ten minutes earlier,you would have got a seat.

a) would have arrived b) had arrived

3. I wouldn’t have believed it if I … it with my own eyes.

a) had not seen b) would not have seen

4. If I … that you were coming,I’d baked a cake.

a) would have known b) had known

5. If I … what a bad driver you were,I wouldn’t have gone with you.

a) had realized b) would have realized

6. If he had known that the river was dangerous,he … to swim across it.

a) would not have tried b) had not tried

7. If you … more slowly,he might have understood you.

a) had spoken b) would have spoken

8. If he had known the whole story,he … so angry.

a) would not have been b) had not been

9. If I … again,I think that I would have succeeded.

a) would have tried b) had tried

10. If I … ready when he called,he would have taken me with him.

a) would have been b) had been

III 1. If there (be) any snow round there,we (go) skiing.

If my friend (know) my address,he (find) my house.

If I (receive) your letter,I (answer) it.

If he (give up) smoking,he (look) better.

If we (invite) them,they (come) to our party.

If I (know) they need me,I (come) at once.

If we (learn) the truth,she (be) very angry.

If he (study) more,he (pass) his exam easily.

If the story hadn’t been true,the newspaper (not print) it.

We (go) by air if we (have) enough money.

IV Make “Chains of events”.

If Cinderella hadn’t met a Fairy … … .

If Prince Gvidon and his mother hadn’t been thrown into the ocean in the

barrel … … .

If tsar Dadon hadn’t taken the golden cock from the wise old man … … .

Tests

Variant 1

What … you … if your car was broken?

A) will … do; B) would … do

b) All the students … the lesson if the teacher explains it again.

A) will understand; B) would understand

c) If you paid more attention to grammar,you … the composition better.

A) will write; B) would write

d) If you found a purse in the street,you … it to the police.

A) will take; B) would take

e) My parents … upset,if I lose my key.

A) will be; B) would be

f) You … a good time if you stayed at a hotel.

A) will have; B) would have

g) We … to the theatre if Peter wasn’t well.

h) If the weather was bad,we … out.

A) would not go; B) would not have gone

i) If he had stopped the bus,the accident … .

A) would happen; B) would have happened

j) I would have gone out if my mother … at home.

A) wasn’t; B) had been

k) If I … George,I would have invited him to the party.

A) knew; B) had known

l) If youhad done that,you … all right.

A) would have been; B) would be

Translate into English.

Я пришёл бы к вам вчера,если бы вы позвонили мне.

На вашем месте я попытался бы поехать в 3 часа.

Variant 2

Choose the right form of the verb.

What … he … if he won a million dollars?

A) will … do; B) would do

b) If they catch the train,they … in time.

A) will arrive; B) would arrive

c) If you took more exercise,you … better.

A) will feel; B) would feel

d) If it stopped raining,they … shopping.

A) will go; B) would go

e) If I didn’t pass my exam,I … on vacation.

A) will not go; B) would not go

f) I … very angry,if you did not come to my birthday.

A) will feel; B) would feel

g) If I had known it,I … to meet them.

A) would go; B) would have gone

h) If the bloue matched the shirt,she … it.

A) would buy; B) would have bought

i) If you didn’t wear a warm coat,you … cold.

A) would be; B) would have been

j) He would have been late for his job if he … the train.

A) had missed; B) missed

k) If you … that,you would be poisoned.

A) drank; B) had drunk

l) If the weather … warmer they would have enjoyed the picnic.

A) had been; B) was

Translate into English.

Я бы ему написал,если бы вчера узнал его адрес.

Если бы я поехал в Атланту,я бы посетил Музей «Кока-колы».

Ключи к тесту:

B d) B g) A j) B

A e) A h) A k) B

B f) B i) B l) A

a) B d) B g) B j) A

b) A e) B h) A k) A

C) B f) B i) A l) A

Задание 2

Задание 2

а ) I would have come to you

yesterday,if you had called me.

b) If I were you,I would try to

go at 3 o’clock.

a) I would have written him,if

I had known his address yester-

day.

b) If I went to Atlanta,I would

visit Coca-cola museum.

Short tests (5-10 minutes)

Conditionals II

Put the verbs in the right form.

If he (not read) so much,he would not be so clever.

If you were not so careless about your health,you (consult) the doctor.

My father (have) more free time if he (not read) so many newspapers.

If she (not be) so absent-minded,she would be a much better student.

If you were a poet,you (write) beautiful poems.

If you (ring) me up,I (tell) you a secret.

Conditionals III

If I had met you yesterday I (tell) you something.

I (get) a good mark if I had learned my lessons.

If I (read) this new book I (find) out all about this discovery.

If she (not help) me,I should have been in a very tough situation.

He (meet) his friend if he had come to our house yesterday.

If you (let) me know yesterday,I (bring) you my book.

Open the brackets and write each sentence in the I,II and III types of Conditionals.

If you (be) free,I (come) to see you.

If I (see) her,I (be) glad.

If we (receive) a telegram from him,we (not worry).

If you (be) busy,I (wait).

Conditionals of the I,II,III types.

Open the brackets and write each sentence in the I,II,III types of Conditionals.

If you (come) on time,we (catch) the train.

If the team (win) the match,it (be) a champion.

Make up the sentences.

At home go to bed at once.

If I am a poet I would got that book.

In the South be very sorry.

If I (were) come home late bathe every day.

Gone to the library I will gone to the theatre.

Fall ill been pleased.

If I had (been) had a ticket yesterday I would have write nice poems.

Met you yesterday have a good time.

Lose my money go to the doctor

Translate .

Если погода была бы(будет)хорошая,мы бы играли(будем) играть в футбол.

First Conditional — важная тема в английской грамматике. Условные предложения 1 типа употребляются очень часто. Поэтому Вам просто необходимо хорошенько отработать данную тему. Следующие 12 conditionals упражнения окажутся Вам, несомненно, полезными.

Давайте немного вспомним теорию!

I тип условных предложений

Употребление	Придаточное пр.	Главное пр.
Эти предложения выражают вполне реальные, осуществимые предположения, относящиеся к будущему или настоящему времени.	Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect	Future Simple, can, may, might, must, should, Imperative
	If the weather is nice, we’ll go for a walk. – Если погода будет хорошая, мы пойдём на прогулку. If you have taken the books, you can start working on your article. If you see Greg, ask him to ring me up. Если вы увидите Грега, попросите его позвонить мне по телефону

Как видите, употребление – не самая сложная тема. Несколько хороших упражнений – и Вы овладеете ей в совершенстве. Итак, переходим к conditionals упражнениям.

First Conditional Exercises.

Упражнение 1. Put the verbs in the brackets into the Present Indefinite or the Future Indefinite Tense.

1. If Peter __________ (come) to my place, we__________ (go) to play in the yard.
2. If Peter__________ (not come) to my place, I __________ (watch) TV.
3. If Frank’s parents__________ (have) their holidays in summer, they __________ (go) to the seaside.
4. If they __________ (have) their holidays in winter, they __________ (stay) at home.
5. If the fog _______ (thicken), Harold _______ (put up) the tent for the night.
6. When I _______ (finish) my work, I_______ (go) to the cinema.
7. We_______ (buy) this book as soon as our mother_______ (give) us some money.
8. When we _______ (come) to your place you_______ (show) us your present.
9. I_______ (return) you your ring when you_______ (ask) me.
10. I_______ (wait) for my friend until he_______ (come) from the shop.
11. My father_______ (start) writing before the sun _______ (rise).
12. As soon as you _______ (finish) your study I_______ (present) you with a new flat.

Упражнение 2. Put the verb in the brackets in the correct tense to form the First Conditional.

Maria is a girl from your country. She is studying English and she"d like to visit an English-speaking country.

If Maria (go) abroad, she (go) to England or America. She (visit) London if she (go) to England. If she (stay) in London, she (spend) much money. She (not be able) to stay for long if she (spend) all her money. If her holiday (be) very short, she (not practice) her English. It (be) a pity if she (not try) to speak English. 

Упражнение 3. Make up conditional 1 sentences with if-clauses.

Example: Molly leave now / catch the bus .

If Molly leaves now, she’ll catch the bus.

1. stay in bed / feel better
2. work hard / get a job
3. go shopping / spend much money
4. ride a bike / get there quickly —
5. eat carrots/see well in the dark .
6. come now/go out together

Упражнение 4. Connect the sentences with when or if to form the first conditional.

Jack will come. We shall play chess. - When Jack comes, we shall play chess.

1. All the pupils will come to school tomorrow. We shall write a test then.
2. I’ll meet Ann after school. I’ll give her my album.
3. You’ll not do your homework. The teacher will be angry.
4. Mike won’t come today. We’ll play football without him.
5. I’ll finish school with good marks. My father will take me to the seaside. .
6. My school record may not be very good. Mom will be very upset.

Упражнение 5. Continue the chain stories. Use conditional 1.

If Brian has a lot of money, he’ll buy a bike.

If he buys a bike, he’ll ...

If he rides it ...

If you don’t do well at school, you’ll become a bad pupil.

If you become a bad pupil, you’ll stay ...

Упражнение 6. Study the list of prizes and speak for Nick and Tom, using conditional 1.

When Nick has breakfast at Tom’s house, he sees a packet of cornflakes on the table. On the back of it he sees this paper.

ANSWER AND WIN ONE OF THESE WONDERFUL PRIZES!

1st prize - a holiday in New York,

2nd prize - a motor-bike.

3rd-5th prize - a tent.

6th-12th prize - a cassette-recorder.

13th-20th prize - a camera.

21st-36th prize - an alarm-clock.

37th-50th prize - a book of flowers of Britain.

51st-99th prize - a T-shirt with Big Ben on it.

After reading it Tom has sent the answers.

a) Nick says to Tom:

1. If you win the first prize, you’ll get a holiday in New York.
2. If you win the second prize, you’ll get ... .
3. If you win the third prize, you’ll ...
4. If you win ...
5. If ...
6. If ...
7. If ...
8. If ...

1. If I win a holiday in New York, I’ll come and visit you.
2. If I win …
3. If I …

Упражнение 7. Make conditional sentences.

1. I’ll buy a colour film and take a lot of pictures if …
2. I’ll have a party and we can dance to music if …
3. I’ll go camping in the Lake District if …
4. Molly’ll learn a lot of things if…
5. I shan’t sit with you at the same desk unless…
6. I’ll send her a letter as soon as …
7. If he does his homework every day he …
8. If he comes in the afternoon we …
9. If you live in a big city what …?
10. If Milly gives me her address, I …
11. If you don’t stop talking, the teacher …

Упражнение 8. Answer the questions in conditional 1.

What will you do

• if it rains on Sunday?
• if your friends don’t play with you?
• if your TV doesn’t work this evening?
• if you lose your school record-book?
• when the lessons are over?
• when your holiday comes?
• when your friend comes to see you tonight?
• when you finish your homework?

Упражнение 9. Imagine that you are eighteen and you have finished school. What will you do then? Develop the following situation. Begin like this.

When I’m eighteen, I think I’ll I don’t think I’ll ..., but if , I’ll try

Упражнение 10. Join two sentences into one using if.

1. It will rain today. We shall not go for a walk.
2. Don’t move. You’ll fall down.
3. The wind will change. There will be snow.
4. I’ll be careful. I will not break the cups.
5. You have free time now. Come for a walk with me.
6. I’ll go hiking in summer. I’ll see a lot of interesting things.
7. He’ll go shopping. He’ll buy some exercise-books for me.

Упражнение 11. Complete the sentences.

1. Your Dad will get angry if you ... .
2. My Mum will be happy if I ... .
3. My sister will shout at me if I ...
4. The teacher will not be happy if we ...
5. You will do well at school if you ...

Упражнение 12. Write answers to the questions.

1. What will you do if you jump into the river and see a crocodile there?
2. What will your mother do if you break her favourite vase?
3. What will the teacher do if you don’t do what she asks you to do?
4. What will your friends do if you call them bad names?
5. What will you do if you loose your school record- book? .

Ну вот и все на сегодня по теме условные предложения 1 типа. I hope you find these first conditional exercises useful. Сonditionals упражнения позволят Вам почувствовать уверенность в своем английском!

Например. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.

If you are free, I shall come to see you.

If you were free, I should come to see you.

If you had been free, I should have come to see you.

If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.

If I see her, I shall be glad.

If I saw her, I should be glad.

If I had seen her, I should have been glad.

1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you (not to work) systemat­ically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to live) in Mos­cow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmon­ic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Answers: 1.1)If you are busy, I shall leave you alone. 2) If you were busy, I should leave you alone. 3)If you had been busy, I should have left you alone. 2. 1) If my friend comes to see me, I shall be very glad. — Если друг придет, я буду рад. 2) If my friend came to see me, I should be very glad. — Если бы друг пришёл, я был бы рад. (мечта) 3) If my friend had come to see me, I should have been very glad. — Если бы друг пришёл (но он не пришел), я был бы рад. (сожаление) 3. 1) If mother buys a cake, we shall have a very nice tea party. 2) If mother bought a cake, we should have a very nice tea party. 3) If mother had bought a cake, we should have had a very nice tea party. 4. 1) If we receive a telegram from him, we shall not worry. 2) If we received a telegram from him, we should not worry. 3)If we had received a telegram from him, we should not have worried. 5. 1)If you don’t work systematically, you will fail the exam. 2) If you did not work systematically, you would fail the exam. 3)If you had not worked systematically, you would have failed the exam. 6. 1)If I live in Moscow, I shall visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 2) If I lived in Moscow, I should visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 3) If I had lived in Moscow, I should have visited the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. 1) If I get a ticket, I shall go to the Philharmonic. 2) If I got a ticket, I should go to the Philharmonic. 3) If I had got a ticket, I should have gone to the Philharmonic. 8. 1) If I live near a wood, I shall gather a lot of mushrooms. 2) If I lived near a wood, I should gather a lot of mushrooms. 3) If I had lived near a wood, I should have gathered a lot of mushrooms. 9. 1) If my father returns early, we shall watch TV together. 2) If my father returned early, we should watch TV together. 3) If my father had returned early, we should have watched TV together. 10. 1) If she knows English, she will try to enter the university. 2) If she knew English, she would try to enter the university. 3) If she had known English, she would have tried to enter the university.

Exercise 2. Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды, образуя предложения нереального условия: a) относящиеся к настоящему или будущему (II тип); b) относящиеся к прошедшему (III тип).

1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mis­take. 3. If he doesn’t come in time, shall we have to wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be . obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don’t come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don’t ring him up?

Answers: 1.1)I were not too busy, I should go to the concert.2) If I had not been too busy, I should have gone to the concert. 2. 1) They would all be surprised if I made such a mistake. 2)They would all have been very surprised if I had made such a mistake. 3. 1)If he didn’t come in time, should we have to wait for him? 2) If he hadn’t come in time, should we have had to wait for him? 4. 1) If no one came to help, we should be obliged to do the work ourselves. 2) If no one had come to help, we should have been obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. 1)If you put on your glasses, you would see better. 2)f you had put on your glasses, you would have seen better. 6. 1)What should we do if they were late? 2) What should we have done if they had been late? 7. 1)Would you be very angry if we didn’t come? 2) Would you have been very angry if we hadn’t come? 8. 1)Would he be very displeased if I didn’t ring him up? 2) Would he have been very displeased if I hadn’t rung him up?

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so care­less about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the compo­sition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

Answers: 1. He would not have. 2. You give. 3. She were not. 4. We shall spend. 5. They had not gone. 6. You don’t get. 7. You would consult. 8. I had. 9. It rains. 10. He had worked. 11. I shall not put. 12. I should have written. 13. He did not read. 14. My friend is.

Exercise 4. Образуйте условные предложения.

1. Не is busy and does not come to see us. If … 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If … 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If … 4. He speaks En­glish badly: he has no practice. If … 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that’s why I did not come to see you. If … 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that’s why it struck a rock. If … 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If … 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If … 9. The sea is rough, and we can­not sail to the island. If … 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If … 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If … 12. I was expect­ing my friend to come, that’s why I could not go to the cinema with you. If … 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If … 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dic­tionary. If … 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If … 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That’s why I took a taxi. If …

Answers: 1. If he were not busy, he would come to see us. 2. If the girl had studied well last year, she would not have received bad marks. 3. If he had not broken his bicycle, he would have gone to the country. 4. If he had (more) practice, he would speak English better. 5. If I had not had a bad headache yesterday, I should have come to see you. 6. If the ship had not sailed near the coast, it would not have struck a rock. 7. If he had been in town, he would have been present at our meeting. 8. If the pavement had not been so slippery, I should not have fallen and hurt my leg. 9. If the sea were not (so) rough, we should (could) sail to the island. 10. If they had not made a fire, the wolves would not have run away. 11. If it were not late, I should not have to go home. 12. If I had not expected my friend to come, I should (could) have gone to the cinema with you. 13. If mathematics were not his favourite subject and he did not work a lot at it, he would not always get top marks. 14. If I had had a dictionary, I should have translated the article yesterday. 15. If the night had not been pitch-dark, we should not have lost our way. 16. If the box had not been so heavy, (I could have carried it and) I should not have taken a taxi.

Exercise 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му сослагательного наклонения после «I wish».

1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Phil­harmonic next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.5. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive. 6. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Span­ish. 9. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday’s party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 14. Don’t you wish you (to see) that performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 16. The unfortu­nate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

Answers: 1. I had. 2. I had consulted. 3. It were. 4. I had not lent. 5. You sent. 6. I did not have. 7. You had gone. 8. I knew. 9. I had not drunk. 10. You read. 11. I had never suggested. 12. I had been. 13. We met. 14. You had seen. 15. They did not see. 16. He had not forgotten.

Exercise 6. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя «I wish».

E.g. It’s a pity you are ill.

I wish you were not ill.

1. Unfortunately they won’t return before Christ­mas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor knowledge at the exam. 3. It’s a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It’s a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It’s a pity we shan’t be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don’t know enough physics.

Answers: 1.I wish they returned before Christmas. 2. The student wished he had studied the material better and shown better knowledge at the exam. 3. I wish you had sent for us last night. 4. I wish you were with us these days. 5. My friend wishes he had entered the university. 6. He wished he had had enough time to finish his paper. 7. I wish we were able to reach home before teatime. 8. I wish I had not made you upset by telling you this news. 9. I wish you knew enough physics.

Exercise 7. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя «I wish».

• 1. а) Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный,
• б) Жаль, что он не достаточно серьезен.
• 2. а) Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета,
• б) Я теперь жалею, что последовал его совету.
• 3. а) Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно,
• б) Жаль, что вы не пришли пораньше.
• 4. а) Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.
• б) Обидно, что мы не дождались его прихода.
• 5. а) К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают,
• б)К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.

Answers: 1.a) I wish he were not so light-minded. б) I wish he were more serious. 2. a) Now I wish I had listened to his advice (had followed his advice). b) Now I wish I had not followed his advice. 3. a) I wish you had not come so late. б) I wish you had come earlier. 4. a) I wish we had not gone before he came. б) I wish we had waited till he came. 5. a) I wish they knew it already. b) I wish they did not know about it.

Exercise 8. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя «I wish».

1. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были ка­никулы. 3. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером! 4. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета. 5. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пик­нике. 6. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет. 7. Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы упомянули эти факты. 8. Жаль, что мы опоздали на поезд. 9. Жаль, что вы включили телевизор так поздно. 10. Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 11. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени. 12. Хорошо бы вы на­писали ей об этом сами. 13. Жаль, что вы не об­ратили внимания на его предупреждение. 14. Он пожалел, что бросил университет. 15. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 16. Ах, если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 17. Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу. 18. Жаль, что она де­лает так много ошибок в речи. 19. Жаль, что вы не побывали на выставке. 20. Жаль, что я узнал об этом так поздно. 21. Как жаль, что мы не зас­тали Колю дома. 22. Она сожалела, что не рас­сказала нам эту историю раньше.

Answers: 1. Oh, how I wish you had told her about it last Sunday! 2. I wish we had holidays now. 3. Oh, I wish he came tonight! 4. We wished we had asked his advice. 5. I wish you had not refused to take part in the picnic. 6. I wish you were interested in this subject. 7. We wish you mentioned these facts. 8. I wish we had not missed the train. 9. I wish you had turned on the TV earlier. 10. I wish I were free now! 11. I wish I had had more time yesterday. 12. I wish you wrote her about it yourself. 13. I wish you had paid attention to his warning. 14. He wished he had not left the university. 15. I wish it were not too late to go there. 16. Oh, how I wish I had come to the railway station on time! 17. I wish you had read this wonderful book. 18. I wish she did not make so many mistakes in her speech. 19. I wish you had visited the exhibition. 20. I wish I had learned about it earlier. 21. I wish we had found Nick at home. 22. She wished she had told us this story before.

Обратите внимание на смешанные случаи употребления времен в условных предложениях II и III типа:

If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I should have rung him up yesterday.

Условие относится к настоящему времени (II тип), а следствие - к прошедшему (III тип).

If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be free now.

Условие относится к прошедшему времени (III тип), а следствие - к настоящему (II тип).

Exercise 9. Образуйте условные предложения. Не забудьте о смешанных случаях.

1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a tooth­ache. If … 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled. If … 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does not need any treatment. If … 4. He will not go to see the play as he was present at the dress re­hearsal. If … 5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is fond of him. If … 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If … 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If … 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last year. If … 9. The pupils were active because they wanted to un­derstand this difficult material. If … 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inattentive. If … 11. The pupils worked hard and did well in their exams. If … 12. She won’t try to enter the foreign languages department because she is not good at foreign languages. If …

Answers: 1. If I did not have a toothache, I should not go to the dentist. 2. If he had gone to the dentist to have his tooth filled, he would not be groaning with pain now. 3. If she needed some treatment, she would go to the polyclinic. 4. If he had not been present at the dress rehearsal, he would go to see the play. 5. If he were not fond of this famous singer, he would not have gone to Moscow specially to hear him. 6. If we had been thirsty, we should have gone to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade. 7. If she had had a needle, she would (could) have mended her dress herself. 8. If he had trained enough last year, he would be a first-class sportsman now. 9. If the pupils had not wanted to understand this difficult material, they would not have been so active. 10. If the pupils had been more attentive, they would have understood the homework. 11. If the pupils had not worked hard, they would not have done well in their exams. 12. If she were good at foreign languages, she would try to enter the foreign languages department.

Exercise 10. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встрети­ли, вы бы его не узнали. 2. Если бы я был на ва­шем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями. 3. Если бы сейчас подошел трамвай, мы бы не опоздали. 4. Если бы он знал, что это вас расстро­ит, он был бы осторожнее. 5. Если бы вы мне по­могли решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень бла­годарен. 6. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в го­лову поискать книгу в библиотеке. Мы бы сдела­ли работу вовремя и сейчас были бы уже свобод­ны. 7. Жаль, что у нас было так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык. 8. Если бы он регулярно не посещал спор­тивные тренировки, он не добился бы такого успе­ха на состязаниях. 9. Если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. 10. Жаль, что она уже ушла. Если бы ты позвонил раньше, она была бы сейчас здесь. 11. Если бы он был ум­нее, он бы не пошел вчера в лес. 12. Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома. 13. Что бы мы сейчас делали, если бы мама не испекла вчера пирог? 14. Жаль, что вы не слышали музыку Рахманинова. Если бы вы ее слышали, вы бы знали, какой это замечатель­ный композитор. 15. Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы вечер состоялся.

Answers: 1. He has changed so much! If you met him, you would not recognize him. 2. If I were you, I should consult my parents. 3. If a tram came now, we should not be late. 4. If he had known that this would upset you, he would have been more careful. 5. If you helped me to solve this problem, I should be very grateful to you. 6. I wish it had occurred to us before to look for the book in the library. We should have done the work in time and now we should be free, 7. I wish we had had more lessons. If we had worked more, we should know the language better. 8. If he had not attended sports trainings regularly, he would not have achieved such success in the competitions. 9. If you had warned me before, I should already be in Moscow. 10. I wish she had not gone. If you had called before, she would be here now. 11. If he were cleverer, he would not have gone to the wood yesterday. 12. If she had not sent this letter yesterday, my brother would be at home now. 13. What should we be doing now if mother had not baked a pie yesterday? 14. I wish you had heard Rakhmaninov’s music. If you had heard it, you would know what a wonderful composer he was. 15. I am sure that everybody would be glad if the party took place.

Тип	Придаточное предложение (условие)	Главное предложение	Пример	Перевод
1 . Реальное условие, относящееся к настоящему, будущему или прошедшему времени	Present Simple V/Vs	Future Simple shall/will + V	If I have money, I will buy a car. If the weather is fine, we will go for a walk.	Если у меня будут деньги, я куплю машину. Если погода будет хорошая, мы пойдем гулять.
2. Нереальное или маловероятное условие, относящееся к настоящему или будущему времени	Past Simple 2fV Глагол to be будет иметь форму множественного числа	Future-in-the Past Simple would/should/ could/might + V	If the weather was fine, I went for a walk. If I were a princess, I would live in a palace. If I had money, I would buy a car.	Если погода была хорошей, мы ходили гулять. Если бы я была принцессой, я бы жила во дворце. Если бы у меня были деньги, я бы купил машину.
3. Нереальное условие, относящееся к прошлому времени	Past Perfect had + 3fV	Future-in-the Past Perfect would/should/could/might + have + 3fV	If I had had money last year, I would have bought a car.	Если бы у меня были деньги в прошлом году, я бы купил машину.

Бессоюзные условные предложения

Если условные (придаточные) предложения содержат глаголы had, were, could, should, то возможно бессоюзная связь главного и придаточного предложений. В этом случае эти глаголы ставятся перед подлежащим, союз if опускается. Такой порядок слов называется инверсией.
Перевод таких предложений следует начинать с союза «если бы».
E.g. Had he a dictionary, he could translate the text. – Если бы у него был словарь, он смог бы перевести текст.
Should he come, ask him to wait. – Если он придет, попросите его подождать.

Условные предложения. Сослагательное наклонение после "I wish”

Условные предложения I типа
If I Если я	live in the country буду жить за городом, find my book найду свою книгу	I shall Я буду	bathe every day. купаться каждый день. be very glad. очень рад.
Условные предложения II типа
I wish I were If I were Если бы я был	at the camp в лагере a scientist ученым	I should я бы	have a very good time. хорошо проводил время. invent a time machine. изобрел машину времени.
Условные предложения III типа
I wish I had Если бы я был If I had Если бы я был	translated the article yesterday перевел статью. learned my lesson выучил урок	I should have Я бы	found out all about this discovery. узнал бы все об этом открытии. got a good mark. получил бы хорошую отметку.

Упражнение 1.
Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.
1. I’ll ask Tom if I see him today.
2. We would go to the party if we had time tomorrow.
3. She would pass her exam next month if she worked harder.
4. She would be happy if she met him at the party next Sunday.
5. We’ll go nowhere tomorrow if it rains.
6. If she knew his phone number, she would call him next week.
7. If J. London had not learned life from his own experience, he could not have written his great works.
8. Had the science of radio not been developed so rapidly, we should not have got such remarkable changes in the technique today.
9. Had he been a young man, he would have taken part in the expedition.
10. If you had applied this method, you would have got better results.

Упражнение 2.
Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму
1. The trains all (stop) … if it snowed heavily.
2. If you (go out) … in cold weather without a coat, you would catch a cold.
3. If I saw a cheap second- hand car, I (buy) … it.
4. If you ate well and exercised regularly, you (live) … 100 years.
5. You would have had stomach ache if you (eat) … too much of that cake.
6. If it (rain) … this afternoon, I (take)… my umbrella.
7. If you did not drive carefully, you (have) … an accident.
8. If you (study) … for a higher qualification, you (get) … a better job next year.
9. If you sent the letter by first class mail, it (get) … there the following day.
10. If the weather is fine, we (go) for a picnic.

Упражнение 3.
Завершите следующие предложения.
1. I’ll ask him to lend me the money (если я вижу его).
2. You’ll be late (если не поедете на автобусе).
3. Will you help me (если мне нужна будет ваша помощь)?
4. I’d lend you the money (если бы у меня были деньги).
5. If I had her address (я бы дал вам его).
6. If they had gone by car, (они бы сэкономили время).
7. If my mother won a million pounds, (она бы потратила их очень быстро).
8. If I had more time, (я бы прочитал больше книг).
9. (если я буду чувствовать себя хорошо), I’ll be in class tomorrow.
10. He would have come to the party last Sunday (если бы его пригласили).

Упражнение 4.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в соответствующей форме.
1. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to you.
2. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook.
3. He never (to phone) you if I hadn’t reminded him to do that.
4. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he took cold baths regularly.
5. If he (to be) more courageous, he would not be afraid.
6. If the fisherman had been less patient, he (not to catch) so much fish.
7. If you (to put) the ice-cream into the refrigerator, it would not have melted.
8. If I (to know) the result now, I would phone her immediately.
9. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book.
10. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.

Упражнение 5.
Образуйте условные предложения.
Ex.g.: The weather is not fine and we won’t go for a walk. – If the weather is fine, we will go for a walk”.
1. He is busy and does not come. If…
2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If…
3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If…
4.He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If…
5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that’s why I did not come to see you. If…
6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that’s why it struck a rock. If…
7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If…
8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If…
9. The sea is rough, and we cannot sail to the island. If …
10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If …

Упражнение 6.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в соответствующей форме сослагательного наклонения после "I wish”.
1. The unfortunate pupil wishes he (not to forget) to learn the rule.
2. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic next winter.
3. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me.
4. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round.
5. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.
6. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive.
7. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day.
8. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time!
9. I wish I (to know) Spanish.
10. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night.

Упражнение 7
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Если бы он не был так близорук (short-sighted), он бы узнал меня вчера в театре.
2. Она здорова. Если бы она была больна, ее брат сказал бы мне об этом вчера.
3. Вы бы много знали, если бы регулярно читали этот журнал.
4. Если бы я узнала об этом раньше, то не сидела бы сейчас дома.
5. Если бы мои родители были богаты, они бы уже давно купили мне машину.
6. Она очень талантлива. Хорошо бы родители купили ей пианино. Если она начнет играть сейчас, она будет выдающимся (distinguished) музыкантом.
7. Если бы я знал французский, я бы уже давно поговорил с ней.
8. Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я бы читал Гете в оригинале (in the original).
9. Если бы я жил близко, я бы чаще (more often) заходил к вам.
10. Если бы вы не прервали (to interrupt) нас вчера, мы бы закончили работу в срок.

Упражнение 8.
Допишите следующие предложения.
1. You would know English better if …
2. I should have left Moscow yesterday if …
3. If I were you, …
4. If I had known that it was going to rain, …
5. I shall go for a walk, if …
6. I should lend you my textbook if …
7. If we had bought the tickets, …
8. If they were here, …
9. We should be glad if …
10. If he were younger, …

Упражнение 9.
Опустите союз в следующих условных предложениях, сделав соответствующие изменения в предложении.
Ex.g.: If we had gone there later, we would have seen them. – Had we gone there later, we would have seen them».
1. If I had time, I should study French.
2. If you should find them, kindly let me know.
3. If they had called at the office yesterday, they would have found me there.
4. If I had seen him yesterday, I should have told him about it.
5. If he were here I should speak to him.
6. If he were in town, he would help us.
7. If he should come, tell him to wait.
8. If I had enough money, I would travel.
9. If I were you, I should go there immediately.
10. If I were in his place, I should refuse.

Упражнения по теме: «Условные предложения 1 типа»

1 переведите

1) If I am late for work, my chief is angry.
2) A person doesn"t eat meat if he/she is a vegetarian.
3) If I get up early, my father drives me to school.
4) Everything is wet if it rains.

2 переведите

1. Если ты хочешь хорошую работу, ты должен хорошо учиться.
   2) Ты не должен много есть, если хочешь похудеть.
   3) Если хранить кофе в морозильнике, то аромат сохраняется дольше.
   4) Собака радуется, когда видит хозяина

1. Найдите правильный вариант

1. If it______, we won"t go to the park.

a) will rain
b) rains
c) will not rain
d) doesn’t rain

2. You won"t pass the exam,______ you work hard.

a) if
b) when
c) unless
d) as soon as

3.When we_____ ready, I’ll call you.

a) will be
b) are

4. You will pay back, as soon as you_____ a new job.

a) find
b) will find

5. I will see you when you______ in Moscow next time.

a) are
b) will be

6. What will you do, when you______ out the truth?

a) will find out
b) have find out
c) find out

4 раскройте скобки

1. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.
2. If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.
3. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone.
4. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year.
5. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.
6. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea part